Balance sheet analysis
Balance sheet analysis evaluates a company's assets, liabilities and equity to understand liquidity, leverage, capital structure, working capital and the quality of financial resources and obligations.
A practical review sequence.
- 01
Review total assets, liabilities and equity and reconcile material period changes.
- 02
Assess current assets and current liabilities for liquidity and working-capital pressure.
- 03
Review debt, leverage and maturity structure.
- 04
Examine receivables, inventory and other material asset balances for quality and concentration.
- 05
Connect balance-sheet movements to profit and cash-flow performance.
How the analysis works.
Start with balance-sheet structure and period-to-period change, then examine liquidity, working capital, leverage, asset quality and links to cash flow and profitability.
What this does not replace.
A balance sheet is a point-in-time statement. Meaningful analysis should consider trends, accounting policies, off-balance-sheet exposures, cash flow and operating context.
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